The Temporality of Text: Starting from Roland Barthes’ La préparation du roman
Abstract: This paper is focused on the last two courses given by Roland Barthes at the Collège de France between 1978 and 1980 on “The Preparation of Novel”. In these courses he outlines a new perspective on the novel as elaborated during the last years of his work. To look at the novel from the point of view of its preparation means to consider it from aperspective that is totally different from that of the literary critic and of traditional analyses of the literary text in general. Traditional text analysis works on the novel as an already written text in which everything has already happened: from this point of view, the novel is a “fact”, a “matter of fact”. As such it is analysed and classified in terms of a historical or structural schema and interpreted in response to the question: “what does the author mean?,” that is, “which is the true signified of these signifiers which compose the text?”. Barthes's perspective is completely different and opens to the possibility of a new relation to the text, where the core of the problem of the novel is no longer the “Author”, but the subject of writing desire.
Key words: desire, event, finitude, novel, subject
论文本的时间性：从罗兰·巴尔特《小说的准备》谈起
朱利娅·庞齐奥
摘要：本文对罗兰·巴尔特的著作《小说的准备》进行了讨论，该书是他1978-1980年间任教于法兰西学院时两门课程的讲义集。这两门课程为作者在这部最后的文集中提出的、小说的新视角勾勒出了大致的轮廓，这种准备的视角和以往的文学批评、以及传统文本分析的视角都有所不同。传统的文本分析将小说视为既定的、已经写成的文本：从这一视角而言，小说是已成的“事实”；它也由此被置放在历史或结构的框架下来进行检视和分类，并且被认为是旨在回答这样的问题：“作者的意图是什么？”，也就是“什么是构成文本的能指的真正所指”？与此不同的是，巴尔特的看法为文本的新关系打开了可能：文本的核心问题不再是“作者”，而是书写欲望的主体。
关键词：欲望，事件，界限，小说，主体
