2.1.2 政治领域 在英国统治苏格兰时期,Exeter公爵曾于1414年写信给国王亨利四世汇报说:Scotland is like a noun adjective that cannot stand without a substantive(苏格兰像一个名词性的形容词,没有一个体词,它自己站不住)。1858年苏格兰人再次被蔑视为“those northern adjectives,not able to subsist without England(那些北方的形容词,没有英格兰就不能生存)(Alford,1982)。英国统治者在这里巧妙地使用了语法术语之间的主从关系来隐喻英格兰对苏格兰的宗主国地位。
2.1.3 哲学领域 《牛津英语词典》在“conjugate”词条中提供这样一个例句,1783年一位匿名作者给《绅士杂志》写信问道:Can any of you all impart a rule to conjugate the heart:To show its present,perfect,future?Its active,passive,and its neuter?
邻近性原则主要说明概念上的距离与语言中的距离相符,即说话时时间上的距离,写作时的空间距离。在the famous delicious Italian pepperoni pizza(那著名的美味的意大利肉肠烤馅饼)这个词组中,词语的排列反映了它们与由名词体现的实体在概念上的邻近程度,与该实体关系最密切的最靠近pizza这个中心词(Radden,1992∶515)。
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